The gender pay gap is real, and it exists in every industry across the economy according to our latest visualization. But just how much more money do men make than women? The exact size of the wage gap depends on the industry.
- Women make less money than men across several different industries in the U.S. economy, including educational services, health care, and food services.
- The single industry with the largest gender pay gap is finance and insurance, where on average men take home $33,000 more than women every year.
- Across the entire U.S. economy, median male earnings were $45,893 compared to $32,436 for women. In other words, women’s earnings are only 70.7% of men’s.
We got the data for our visualization from the US Census Bureau. The numbers reflect median earnings for men and women in 2019 inflation-adjusted dollars. We plotted the wage figures across industries, where the size and color of each bar corresponds to the total gross earnings by gender. And we ordered each industry by the size of the wage gap, creating a clear snapshot of gender income inequality across industries.
The Gender Wage Gap by Industry
| Rank | Industry |
Median earnings (Men) |
Median earnings (Women) |
Women's earnings (as a % of men's earning) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Finance and insurance | $83,660 | $50,456 | 60.30% |
| 2 | Other services, except public administration | $35,778 | $22,083 | 61.70% |
| 3 | Professional, scientific, and technical services | $84,749 | $53,152 | 62.70% |
| 4 | Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | $32,021 | $20,689 | 64.60% |
| 5 | Management of companies and enterprises | $85,219 | $58,718 | 68.90% |
| 6 | Retail trade | $30,592 | $21,415 | 70.00% |
| 7 | Health care and social assistance | $51,233 | $35,916 | 70.10% |
| 8 | Information | $65,475 | $46,552 | 71.10% |
| 9 | Transportation and warehousing | $44,984 | $32,345 | 71.90% |
| 10 | Manufacturing | $52,026 | $37,694 | 72.50% |
| 11 | Arts, entertainment, and recreation | $28,313 | $21,066 | 74.40% |
| 12 | Public administration | $66,032 | $50,132 | 75.90% |
| 13 | Accommodation and food services | $20,953 | $16,256 | 77.60% |
| 14 | Utilities | $76,884 | $60,481 | 78.70% |
| 15 | Wholesale trade | $51,407 | $40,630 | 79.00% |
| 16 | Administrative and support and waste management services | $31,531 | $25,056 | 79.50% |
| 17 | Educational services | $47,489 | $39,704 | 83.60% |
| 18 | Real estate and rental and leasing | $46,799 | $40,293 | 86.10% |
| 19 | Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction | $73,037 | $65,364 | 89.50% |
| 20 | Construction | $42,098 | $39,222 | 93.2% |
Our visualization contains several key insights into just how much more money men make than women. For starters, the gender pay gap is obvious in every industry, even ones where women hold the predominant share of the workforce. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 76% of public school teachers in the U.S. are women. And yet men working in education make $47.5K compared to $39.7K for women, a difference of about $7,800. The industry with the lowest gender pay gap is construction, where men take home $2,800 more than women each year. And the Bureau of Labor Statistics says women only make up about 10% of the workforce in the construction industry. So some industries where women hold most of the jobs, like education and healthcare, have worse gender pay gaps than industries where there are relatively few female employees, like construction.
But the scales are tilted even more disproportionately toward male workers in other parts of the economy. Take finance and insurance as an example. The median income for men is $83,600 compared to just $50,456. As a percentage of earnings, women only make 60.30% as much as men. That’s an eye-popping gender pay gap.
We won’t rehash all the different explanations and excuses for why men are compensated differently than women, however it’s worth considering how the coronavirus pandemic is making the situation even worse. There’s no doubt the entire economy went through a severe contraction last year. Women are already disproportionately represented in low-wage jobs, and with schools and childcare facilities forced to close, they are more likely than men to leave the workforce. All of which suggests that the gender pay gap will grow considerably worse before it gets better.
Data: Table 1.1